Translation to Yoruba and Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Neck Disability Index with Cognitive Testing in Patients with Neck Pain
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of an instrument is considered important especially if the target population differs from the initial population for which the instrument was originally devised. Most functional scales and measures have yet to be adapted for use with a Yoruba population.
Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Neck Disability Index (NDI) to Yoruba Language and validate using Cognitive Debriefing Approach with patients.
Methods: The NDI was translated to the Yoruba language and cross-culturally adapted for this target population following the Beaton et al protocol. The Yoruba version of the NDI at its pre-final stage further underwent modification after Cognitive Interviews involving six (6) patients of varying ages and occupations with neck pain to determine its face and content validity.
Results: The patients demonstrated adequate understanding of the Yoruba version of the NDI when cognitively assessed using concurrent and recurrent approaches, discrepancies were modified at every stage. Two out of ten constructs were cross-culturally adapted to suit the target population with modifications made to maintain the scales conceptual meaning.
Conclusion: Cognitive testing proved useful in the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the NDI to its Yoruba version with patients demonstrating adequate understanding. The author recommends further psychometric testing to be carried out to further establish validity and reliability of the Yoruba version of the NDI.
References
REFERENCES
Adair JG(1984). The Hawthorne Effect: A reconsideration of the methodological artefact. Journal of Applied Psychology. 69(2): 334-345
Acquardo C, Conway K, Hareendran A, Aaronson N (2008). Literature Review of Methods to Translate Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaires for use in Multinational Clinical Trials. Value in Health. 11(3): 509-521.
Agarwal S, Allison GT, Agarwal A, Singer KP(2006). Reliability and Validity of the Hindi version of the Neck Pain and Disability Scale in Cervical Radiculopathy patients, Disability and Rehabilitation. 28:1405-11.
Adegbite W(2003). Enlightenment and Attitudes of the Nigerian Elite on the Roles of Languages in Nigeria. Culture and Curriculum. 16(2): 185-196.
Aslan E, Karaduman A, Yakut Y, Aras B, Simsek I, Yagly N (2008). The Cultural Adaptation, Reliability and Validity of Neck Disability Index in Patients with Neck Pain: A Turkish Version Study. Spine. 33(11):362-365.
Awonusi VO(1993). The English Language, National Development and Unity in Nigeria: A Sociolinguistic Perspective. Education Today. 6(2): 5-8.
Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Bosi Ferraz M (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine. 25: 3186-91.
Bovim G, Schrader H, Sand T(1994). Neck Pain in the General Population. Spine. 19(12): 1307-1309.
Bowling A(1997). Measuring Health: A review of quality of life measurement scales. 2nd ed., New York, Oxford.
Bullinger M, Alonso J, Apolone G, Leplege A, Sulivan M, Wood-Dauphinee S, Gandek B, Wagner A, Aaronson N, Bech P, Fukuhara S, Kaasa S, Ware J (1998). Translating Health Status Questionnaires and Evaluating their Quality: The IQOLA Project Approach. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 51(11): 913-923.
Bullinger M, Anderson R, Cella D, Aaronson N (1993). Developing and Evaluating Cross-Cultural Instruments from Minimum Requirements to Optimal Models. Quality of Life Research. 2(6): 451-459.
Coates J, Wilde PE, Webb P, Lorge Rogers B, Houser R (2006). Comparison of a Qualitative and a Quantitative Approach to Developing a Household Food Insecurity Scale For Bangladesh. American Society for Nutrition. 136(5):1420-1430.
Cook C, Richardson JK, Braga L, Menezes A, Soler X, Kume P, Zaninelli M, Socolows F, Pietrobon R (2006). Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Brazilian Portugese Version of the Neck Disability Index and Neck Pain and Disability Scale. Spine. 31(14): 1621-1627.
Corless IB, Nicholas PK, Nokes KM(2001). Issues in Cross-cultural Quality of Life Research, Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 33(1): 15-20.
Cote P, Cassidy D, Corroll L(1998). The Saskatchewan health and back pain survey. The prevalence of neck pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults. Spine. 23(15): 1689-98.
Dahl TH(2002). Special Report: International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: An Introduction and Discussion of its Potential Impact on Rehabilitation Services and Research, Journal of Rehabilitative Medicine. 34:201-204.
Emmanuel EJ, Wendler D, Grady C(2000). What Makes Clinical Research Ethical? Journal of the American Medical Association. 283(20): 2701-2711.
Fabunmi FA, Salawu AS(2005). Is Yoruba an Endangered Language? Nordic Journal of African Studies. 14(3): 391-408.
Fayers PM, Machin D(2000). Quality of Life: Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation. Chichester, Wiely.
Gandek B, Ware J(1998). Methods for Validating and Norming Translations of Health Status Questionnaires: The IQOLA Project Approach. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 51(11): 953-959.
GIL E F, BOB S(1999). Culturally Competent Research Ethics. Clinical Psychology Review. 19(1): 45-55.
Graham N, Gross A, Goldsmith CH, Klabber Moffet J, Haines T, Burnie SJ, Peloso PM (2008). Mechanical traction for neck pain with or without radiculopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [online]. (3): last accessed 1 Feb 2012 at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/
Harris-Kojetin LD, Fowler FJ, Brown JA, Schnaier JA, Sweeny SF (1999). The Use of Cognitive Testing to Develop and Evaluate CAHPS 1.0 Core Survey Items. Medical Care. 37(3): 10-21.
Kyung-Jin S, Byung-Wan C, Byung-Ryeul C, Gyeu-Beom S (2010). Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Korean Version of the Neck Disability Index. Spine. 35(20): 1045-1049.
Linton SJ(2000). A Review of Psychological Risk Factors in Back and Neck Pain. Spine. 25(9): 1148-56.
Macdermid JC, Walton DM, Avery S, Blanchard A, Etruw E, McAlpine C, Goldsmith C (2009). Measurement properties of the Neck Disability Index: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 39(5): 400-17
Makela M, Heliovaara M, Sievers K(1991). Prevalence, Determinants and Consequences of Chronic Neck Pain in Finland. American Journal of Epidemiology. 134(11): 1356-67.
Monticone M, Baiardi P, Nido N, Righini C, Tomba A, Giovanazzi E (2008). Development of the Italian Version of the Neck Pain and Disability Scale, NPDS-I: Cross-cultural Adaptation, Reliability and Validity. Spine. 33(13): 429-434.
Mousavi SJ,Parnianpour M, Montazeri A, Mehdian H, Karimi A, Abedi M, Ashtian A, Mobini B, Hadian M (2007). Translation and Validation Study of the Iranian Versions of the Neck Disability Index and the Neck Pain and Disability Scale. Spine.32(26): 825-831.
Odole AC, Akinpelu AO(2009). Translation and Alternate Forms Reliability of the Visual Analogue Scale in the Three Major Nigerian Languages. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice.7(3): 1-5.
Pietrobon R, Coeytaux RR, Carey TS, Richardson WJ, Devellis R(2002). Standard scales for measurement of functional outcome for cervical pain or dysfunction (A Systematic Review). Spine. 27(5): 515-522.
Salo P, Ylinen Y, Kautiainen H(2010). Reliability and Validity of the Finnish Version of the Neck Disability Index and the Modified Neck Pain and Disability Scale. Spine. 35(5): 552-556.
Scotton CM(1976). Strategies of Neutrality: Language Choice in Uncertain Situations. Language. 52(4): 919-941.
Streiner DL, Norman GR(1995). Health Measurement Scales: A practical guide to development and use. 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, New York.
UstunTB, Chatterji S, Bickenbach J, Kostanjsek N, Schneider M (2003). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: A new tool for understanding disability and health. Disability and Rehabilitation. 25(11-12):565-571.
Vernon H(2008). The Neck Disability Index: State -of -the -Art 1991-2008. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutic. 31: 491-502.
Vos CJ, Verhagen AP, Koes BW(2006). Reliability and responsiveness of the Dutch version of the Neck Disability Index in patients with acute neck pain in General Practice. European Spine Journal. 15: 1729-36.
Wild D, Grove A, Martin M, Eremenco S, McElroy S, Verjee-Lorenz A, Erikson P (2005). Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Value in Health. 8(2): 94-104.
